標題：SM4BAT-FS論文：渦輪機運行的噪音暴露量化了商業(yè)風能設施中蝙蝠的風險
Abstract
Turbine‐related bat mortality at commercial wind energy facilities may threaten populations of
migratory tree‐roosting bat species in North America. Industry stakeholders and regulatory agencies alike are investigating strategies to reduce risk of population‐level consequences as the wind energy industry grows. Bats collide with turbines only when turbine rotors are spinning and curtailing turbine operation at low wind speeds can effectively reduce bat fatality rates. Nonetheless, few quantitative data exist to determine appropriate threshold wind speeds below which turbine operations should be curtailed. Carcass monitoring is labor‐intensive and does not provide information on factors linked to bat fatality rates on any scale finer than nightly. We tested whether acoustic bat data recorded at turbine nacelles could provide a more precise and sensitive measure of fatality risk to bats by analyzing acoustics, weather, turbine operation, and carcass data collected at 2 commercial wind energy facilities in West Virginia over 7 years. Each wind facility implemented several distinct curtailment treatments during our study, allowing us to compare fatality rates and acoustic bat activity across multiple operational strategies. We found that bat passes exposed to turbine operation explained close to 80% of the variation in carcass‐ based estimates of bat fatality rates and accounted for significant variation in raw carcass counts per turbine and probability of finding bat carcasses during individual turbine searches. Conversely, bat activity occurring when turbines were not operating had little or no relationship to fatality rates. We also found that patterns in bat activity exposure could be predicted accurately among turbines and years. Our results demonstrate that measuring exposure of acoustic bat activity provides a quantitative basis for designing, evaluating, and adaptively managing curtailment strategies. This is an important advance towards using curtailment to reduce bat fatality rates strategically while allowing for increased generation of renewable energy. ? 2021 The Authors. Wildlife Society Bulletin published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Wildlife Society.
KEY WORDS: acoustic monitoring, aerosphere, bat mortality, informed curtailment, West Virginia, wind energy.
摘要：
商業(yè)風能設施中與渦輪機相關的蝙蝠死亡率可能會威脅到北美遷徙的樹棲蝙蝠種群。隨著風能行業(yè)的發(fā)展，行業(yè)利益相關者和監(jiān)管機構都在研究降低人口層面后果風險的策略。蝙蝠只有在渦輪機轉子旋轉時才會與渦輪機碰撞，在低風速下限制渦輪機運行可以有效降低蝙蝠死亡率。盡管如此，很少有定量數(shù)據(jù)可以確定適當?shù)拈撝碉L速，低于該閾值風速時，應減少渦輪機的運行。尸體監(jiān)測是勞動密集型的，不能提供任何比夜間更精細的蝙蝠死亡率相關因素的信息。我們通過分析7年來在西弗吉尼亞州2個商業(yè)風能設施收集的聲學、天氣、渦輪機運行和尸體數(shù)據(jù)，測試了在渦輪機機艙記錄的蝙蝠聲學數(shù)據(jù)是否可以提供更精確和敏感的蝙蝠死亡風險測量。在我們的研究中，每個風力發(fā)電設施都實施了幾種不同的棄風處理，使我們能夠比較多種運營策略的死亡率和蝙蝠活動。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，暴露在渦輪機運行中的蝙蝠通行證解釋了基于尸體的蝙蝠死亡率估計值的近80%的變化，并解釋了每個渦輪機的原始尸體數(shù)量和在單個渦輪機搜索中發(fā)現(xiàn)蝙蝠尸體的概率的顯著變化。相反，渦輪機不運行時發(fā)生的蝙蝠活動與死亡率幾乎沒有關系。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，蝙蝠活動暴露的模式可以在渦輪機和年份之間準確預測。我們的研究結果表明，測量蝙蝠活動的聲暴露為設計、評估和自適應管理削減策略提供了定量依據(jù)。這是利用棄風策略降低蝙蝠死亡率的重要進展，同時允許增加可再生能源的發(fā)電量。?2021作者。威利期刊有限責任公司代表野生動物學會出版的《野生動物學會公報》。
關鍵詞：Wildlife Acoustics，SM4BAT-FS，聲學監(jiān)測、大氣層、蝙蝠死亡率、知情削減、蝙蝠聲學監(jiān)測記錄，野外動物聲學監(jiān)測
